越南印象05-河內的路面電車遺跡

如果一個城市，它曾有過路面電車，可是已經消失幾十年了，你會期待這樣的交通工具在城市的景觀與紋理中，烙印下什麼樣的蛛絲馬跡呢？簡單說，會是怎樣的城 市特色，讓你懷疑這個城市曾有過路面電車？其實，路面電車跟鐵道系統都有個共同特色，就是不可能有太誇張的轉彎，以及不合鐵道常理的上上下下。因此，曾有 路面電車跑過的路線，用眼睛看大概就知道會是怎樣的坡度與曲線（這需要一點「鐵道眼」）。當然，除此之外，還有一些撇步可以更快地發現。

在我到河內時，第一天就發現這個城市有些道路很可疑，該不會曾有路面電車過吧！這怎說呢？城市內若有一條很寬的大馬路，通常沒理由快慢車道，或者左右不同 車道會在「不同平面」上，而這不同平面最奇怪的是，有一條的平面會一直保持在某個水平面上，不是高高低低上上下下的。但相反地，另一邊的車道就是高低起伏 很大。通常，城市裡若有這樣的街道特徵，這個一直保持在某水平面上的路塹，大概就是路面電車跡了。我在LA時，我們家那邊的Santa Monica Blvd就有這種現象。在大Santa Monica Blvd與小Santa Monica Blvd之間，就有一塊這種一直維持水平高度的路塹。後來調查，還真的是當年LA的路面電車走的呢！河內的一些道路也有這種現象，正是路面電車曾經存在的 痕跡。當然，除此之外，在一些街道邊，我也看到仍在做電桿的一些鐵架，很類似架空線用的鐵架，這也更加讓我好奇河內曾有路面電車的事實。

在研究了美軍於越戰時所繪製的河內城市地圖，路面電車的路線呼之欲出。我用綠色線條把當時的路電給重新標出來，沒想到三十六古街那兒有路線，胡志明陵寢前的廣場也曾有路線經過！

網路上找到的文章中描述，河內的路面電車系統是在法國殖民的1899至1943年間建造，共五條路線，約32km。每天從早上五點行駛到晚上十一點，是河 內民眾非常重要的大眾交通工具。這樣的路電系統到了1980年代，因為缺乏更新與持續的汰換，已經呈現疲態與不敷使用。於是市政當局1990年時決定停駛 所有路電，並且拆除鐵軌，河內的路面電車系統便走入歷史，改由公車路網取代。不過如今，你在河內的市街上，少數的路邊還是可以看到當年路電的架電線電桿遺 跡。

http://visithanoi.blogspot.com/2010/03/tinkle-of-bo-ho-tram-familiar-sound-in.html

Tinkle of Bo Ho tram - the familiar sound in Hanoi memory

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First Dinh Tien Hoang street side Hoan Kiem lake , the old days a long time to 1990 in the Bo Ho(other name Hoan Kiem lake) tram station is always crowded. Trams from the four directions of suburban Ha Dong, Cau Giay, Mo market and Buoi market converge here, in addition to a line going across the old town. It's route Yen Phu - Hang Cot - Cua Nam - Bach Mai .

Tram In Dong Xuan market

Station not to much, there are two lanes. Once share 2 line Bo Ho to Ha Dong and Bo Ho to Cau Giay, are back in here. Two online Buoi market - Bo Ho and Bo Ho - Mo market in the other line, avoid each other here. Two-lane pavement is relatively large. Another train station, tram stations are not undercover and waiting room buy tickets, passengers do go line to buy train tickets for this line.

Trams mainly poor people, working people, trade vegetables from suburban, suburban markets in the city, sidewalks and roar seats everything bamboo frame, baskets and small bamboo basket container goods. Bamboo frame and basket is blank in afternoon.In 1960-1970 year of the last century, vistors go half stage with price 5 cents, all stage with price 1 dime. No bus, traveling mostly trams, pedicabs, bicycles then tram should be used much. Two route: Bo Ho - Ha Dong and Buoi market - Bo Ho - had 3 carriages , two carriages for other routes, often very crowed. The first carriage has four doors up and down in the 2 side, the center of the roof tank fit electricity stick, the head of stick fit a wheel rolling on a trench power lines. Head of 2 carriages with control panel box. Electric drive one direction should not cause much danger, seller tickets on each rope to rotate in reverse to the end terminals. Prescription and the prescription last longer, with 4 doors up and down two sides.

The driver hold the left hand control stick move clockwise from the 0-5 is to increase speed, right hand must always be on the steering wheel to brake, right foot on the button to ring, each stamp foot is a tinkle. Through the intersection to reduce speed, driver man has turn control stick, turn brakes, just stamp ring to 2-3 times. The tinkle prospects in space, eating deeply into the subconscious of Hanoi.

Tram system Hanoi by the French built from 1899 to 1943 new complete, the total length of 32km with five routes. From 5 am to 23 pm, almost time always tinkle and iron wheel sound. In the 1984, 1985, Enterprise trams run test tire wheels, nearly cars, but customers need to power on the roof mount 2 parallel power lines connected to two direct current. Public opinion that criticism is much, more merit, but due to lack of capital investment in upgrading and expanding the test should fail. Iron wheel electric vehicles, old, bone and damaged several vehicles but still maintained.

The people were 40, 50 years old age living in Hanoi and who went to capital in the 80 century ago, when memory to Hoan Kiem lake, Ngoc Son temple, The Huc bridge, the Hang Dao, Hang Gai street... often referred to the tinkle bell of trams, bustling scene up and down trams at Bo Ho. Tram station were very crowded, the sound of vietnamese two chord fiddle in Xam singing, but people still often said that Xam Bo Ho, guitar sound dissolve sweeter voice of stroll singer. From stations to Ngoc Son temple gates sometimes people still see the monkeys circus performed and sell unguent. After 1975, employees and students in school with more trams, the train often overcrowded and baskets. Bo Ho tram station appears that woman sold more cups of tea, cigarettes, pudding candy, cream, Sau soaked, apple soaked and the men kneaded To he as Quan Van Truong (A character in Three Kingdoms), Ton Ngo Khong (a character in Travel to the west), a chicken, tiger green red. Around harbors have many people sell stamp and beggars.

In 1989, 1990 the city decided to stop operation of trams. Entire rail line rises, the enterprise trams hundreds of people falling into unemployment. To solve problems, contribute to improving life for the staff of train drivers, ticket sales and repair workers, factories were built of steel furnaces, rolling of steel tram rail to building steel sold. A time line tram rails and off, the furnace is turned into steel furnaces produce vermicelli, art pottery and switched to producing mini electric vehicles for children in the Thong Nhat park, then the joint venture with the enterprises for production and installation of mini electric cars is in a local as Hai Phong, Nghe An. This manage hundreds of job, enterprises overcome the crisis period of employment until Hanoi development bus. New bus unit retains the name enterprise Hanoi trams, for generations officials and employees to know what an early precursor. And thus, young and old generations Hanoi today to keep a memory about period on the city street.

lovely Hanoi one time

Now, Bo Ho train station became the intermediary station of many bus routes. Station was to renovate and upgrade many, spacious, clean more. Although no silhouette, but despite the image Bo Ho trams as still sparkling in the soul of Hanoi street. Who knows what a beautiful day in the XXI century, when the capital has inside railway, workers of enterprise Hanoi tram "lucky" again be managed and operated the train of modern electric railway wheels , returned exactly as its name from early childhood than 110 years ago :)